ABSTRACT The article1 conducts a documentary research on laws, norms, decrees and regulations that constitute primary sources, chronologically dated in the 19th century, in order to answer the following problem: at what moment did the term minor started to characterize a labeling for boys and girls who lived in Empire Brazil and to constitute a basis for the tutelary practices that gained emphasis in the 20th century? The study aims to demonstrate that the 1927 Juvenile Code was enacted as a result of the minorism and part of a transnational movement that was born in the United States of America and circulated in Europe and Latin America. Differently from what was assumed, the research for the elaboration of the text concluded that the term minor - in the sense of minorism - was already used in Brazil, sparsely, in regulations from 1850 on, that is, almost 80 years before what the sources and the researches conducted pointed out, being the Minors Code the effect of minorism and not its creator.

RESUMO O artigo1 realiza uma pesquisa documental em leis, normas, decretos e regulamentos que constituem fontes primárias, datadas cronologicamente no século XIX, com vistas a responder à seguinte problematização: em que momento o termo menor passou a caracterizar um etiquetamento para meninos e meninas que viviam no Brasil império e a constituir uma base para as práticas tutelares que ganharam ênfase no século XX? O estudo objetiva demonstrar que o Código de Menores de 1927 foi promulgado como resultado do menorismo e parte de um movimento transnacional que nasceu nos Estados Unidos da América e circulou na Europa e na América Latina. Diferentemente do que se pressupunha, a investigação para a elaboração do texto concluiu que o termo menor - no sentido menorista - já era utilizado, no Brasil, escassamente em normativas a partir de 1850, ou seja, quase 80 anos antes do que as fontes e as pesquisas realizadas apontavam, sendo o Código de Menores o efeito do menorismo e não o seu criador.

Abstract This study aimed to describe the cerebral activation patterns using fMRI (Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging) technology in a sample of 15 children with Posttraumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) and 7 with no PTSD. The study used a Quasi-experimental methodology where two experimental tasks were applied: an emotional face task and a version of an emotional Stroop task. The results point out differences in the group of PTSD on the processing of negative stimuli and changes in their frontal lobe activation. These preliminary results suggest that early traumatic experiences affect typical brain development patterns. And explicit and implicit variables involved in the traumatic experiences are discussed as a part of any intervention process.

Resumen El presente estudio tuvo como objetivo describir patrones de activación cerebral mediante una técnica de Imagen por resonancia magnética funcional -fMRI- (abreviatura en inglés de Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging) en una muestra de niños con Trastorno de estrés postraumático (TEPT) y compararlos con un grupo de controles. Estudio cuasi-experimental en el que se tomó un grupo de 15 niños con TEPT y se comparó con un grupo de 7 niños sin TEPT. Se emplearon dos tareas experimentales: una prueba de caras y una versión del Stroop emocional. Los resultados preliminares, señalan diferencias en el procesamiento de estímulos, principalmente de carácter negativo en los niños con TEPT y cambios en los patrones de activación a nivel de estructuras frontales. Se concluye que el trauma a edad temprana afecta el curso normal del desarrollo cerebral y se evidencia la importancia de abordar los aspectos explícitos e implícitos asociados a la experiencia traumática como parte de la intervención.

La investigación sobre niños/as y jóvenes en programas de acogimiento se centra mayormente en el llamado "Modelo de Déficit" que limita el entendimiento sobre experiencias individuales, fortalezas y capacidades únicas de la población (Sullivan, Jones, & Matiesen, 2010). El presente estudio explora el bienestar emocional de jóvenes emancipados de programas de acogimiento (grupos focales, N=15) usando Teoría Fundamentada (Glaser & Strauss, 1967) y Análisis Temático. Se identificaron cinco factores principales en el bienestar emocional: Adaptación, Recursos, Construcción de Relaciones, Desarrollo de la Salud Mental Positiva, y Resiliencia. El presente estudio extiende el conocimiento sobre factores centrales en el bienestar emocional de jóvenes en acogimiento que han sido escasamente estudiados en la investigación actual, lo que garantiza una mejor atención.

Extant research on youth in welfare systems has concentrated mostly on the so called "Deficit Model" which limits our understanding of the individual experiences, strengths, and capacities that are unique to these youth (Sullivan, Jones, & Matiesen, 2010). The current study explores the emotional wellbeing of a group of youth in the foster care system using Grounded Theory and Thematic Analysis as a methodological base (Focus Groups N=15). Results identified five central factors for emotional wellbeing: adaptation, resources, construction of relationships, development of positive mental health, and resiliency. Results from the current study generate new knowledge on central factors pertaining emotional wellbeing which have only been scarcely examined in the current research on foster youth and which warrant further attention.